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采用光学显微镜对不同朝代及现代绢类织物的表面和纤维截面形貌进行观察,并利用像素法对蚕丝纤维截面积进行测试与分析,探讨蚕丝纤维截面积变化的原因。不同朝代及现代的9批绢类织物样品表面的完整度、光洁度、污染度以及老化程度不同,可能与样品来源墓地的环境有关;不同样品蚕丝纤维截面形状有的较扁平,有的较饱满,还有一些呈碎块或空壳状,反映出蚕丝纤维老化程度不同,可能与当时的养蚕技术水平相关;不同朝代样品间、同一朝代样品间的经纬纱线粗细及经纬纱线排列密度有差别,可能与绢类织物的种类及丝织技术水平有关。9批绢类织物样品的蚕丝纤维截面积存在差异,且大多数样品的蚕丝纤维截面积方差数值较大,其中:东周到清代绢类织物样品的蚕丝纤维截面积从38.57μm2增加至75.80μm2,可能与根据织物最终用途而选用的蚕丝原料以及家蚕长期驯养后茧丝的变化有关;现代绢类织物样品的蚕丝纤维截面积在115μm2左右,明显大于古代绢类织物样品的蚕丝纤维截面积,这种变化可能与长期的蚕品种遗传改良以及饲养技术和缫丝工艺的改进有关。
The optical microscopy was used to observe the surface and fiber cross-sectional morphology of silk fabrics from different dynasties and modern times. The fiber cross-sectional area of the silk fiber was measured and analyzed by pixel method, and the reason for the change of cross-sectional area of silk fiber was discussed. The surface integrity, smoothness, degree of pollution and aging degree of nine batches of silk fabrics from different dynasties and modern times may be related to the environment of the sample source graveyard. The cross-sectional shapes of silk samples from different samples are somewhat flat and some are full, Some were broken or shell-like, reflecting the different degrees of aging of silk fibers may be related to the level of sericulture techniques at that time; between the different Dynasties sample, the same dynasty sample warp and weft yarn thickness and warp and weft yarn arrangement density Difference may be related to the type of silk fabrics and silk technology. The cross-sectional area of silk fiber of 9 batches of silk fabrics varied. Most of the samples had large variance of silk fiber cross-sectional area. The cross-sectional area of silk fibers increased from 38.57μm2 to 75.80μm2 , Which may be related to the selection of silk raw material according to the end use of the fabric and the change of cocoon silk after long domestication of domestic silkworms. The silk fiber cross-sectional area of modern silk-based fabric samples is about 115μm2, which is obviously larger than the silk fiber cross-sectional area of ancient silk- This change may be related to the genetic improvement of long-term silkworm varieties and the improvement of feeding techniques and reeling processes.