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在鸦片战争前,清政府在广州实行一口贸易管理体制后,受到了西方“自由贸易”势力的冲击。在对华贸易中通过鸦片走私逐渐发展壮大的英国散商为了打破垄断、争取自由贸易,通过各种不同的途径逃避和抵制广州贸易体制的管制和约束,实施了对广州贸易体制最猛烈的冲击和破坏。
Before the Opium War, after the Qing government implemented a trade management system in Guangzhou, it was challenged by Western “free trade” forces. In order to break the monopoly and strive for free trade, the British bulk merchants, who gradually grew stronger through opium trafficking in their trade with China, evaded and resisted the control and restraint of Guangzhou’s trade system in various ways and implemented the strongest impact on Guangzhou’s trade system And destruction.