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[目的]了解1992～2003年哈尔滨市南岗区居民恶性肿瘤死亡变化情况及其对居民健康和社会的危害,为制定21世纪初哈尔滨市南岗区恶性肿瘤防治工作重点和策略提供依据。[方法]主要采用标化死亡率、标化减寿率、平均减寿年数、标化工作寿命损失率和平均工作寿命损失年数等指标进行前后6年对比分析。[结果]恶性肿瘤总体造成的人群寿命损失和工作寿命损失呈平稳变化趋势。男性膀胱癌,女性膀胱癌、食管癌和白血病引起人群寿命损失和工作寿命损失下降幅度最大,而男性鼻咽癌和食管癌,女性鼻咽癌、宫颈癌引起人群寿命损失和工作寿命损失上升幅度最大。[结论]在做到巩固其他恶性肿瘤防治效果的同时,应当进一步加强对男性白血病和食管癌以及年轻女性宫颈癌的防治工作。
[Objective] To understand the changes of deaths of malignant tumor and its health and social harm to residents in Nangang District of Harbin from 1992 to 2003, and provide the basis for making the key points and strategies of prevention and treatment of malignant tumors in Nangang District of Harbin in the early 21st century. [Method] The index of standard mortality, standardized rate of longevity, average number of years of life lost, standard working life loss rate and average working life loss years were compared and analyzed 6 years before and after. [Results] The overall loss of life expectancy and loss of working life caused by malignant tumors showed a steady trend. Men’s bladder cancer, female bladder cancer, esophageal cancer and leukemia caused the largest loss of life loss and loss of working life, while male nasopharyngeal and esophageal cancer, female nasopharyngeal cancer, cervical cancer caused by the loss of life expectancy and loss of working life increase maximum. [Conclusion] While consolidating the prevention and treatment of other malignant tumors, we should further strengthen the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in male patients with leukemia, esophageal cancer and young women.