波兰人民有着光荣的革命传统。从一七九五年波兰被俄、普、奥第三次瓜分而遭到灭亡以来的一个多世纪中,波兰人民前仆后继,一直在为争取民族独立而进行不屈不挠的斗争。一八三○年的华沙起义,一八四六年的克拉科夫起义,一八六三年的华沙起义……一次又一次地打击以沙俄为首的反动势力,支持了欧洲各国的革命,因而获得革命导师马克思、恩格斯的高度评价和赞扬。十九世纪八十年代初,波兰无产阶级政党建立起来后,革命运动更加蓬蓬勃勃地开展起来。沙皇政府对此惊恐万状,进行残酷的镇压,把大批的革命战士逮捕、屠杀或流放到西伯利亚去。但是波兰无产阶级高举革命的大旗,继续前进。一九○五年至一九○七年声势浩大的武装斗争,有力地支持了当时俄国的革命。革命的斗争产生出革命的文学。一八七九年,诗人希文切茨基等人在华沙监狱中创办了手抄刊物《囚徒之声》,发表了波兰第一批无产阶级革命诗歌。克拉科夫监狱里的同志们在瓦林斯基的倡导下,也办起了《囚徒咬牙切齿》的手抄刊物。一八八二年,在日内瓦出版了第一部波兰革命诗歌集《他们想要什么》,收集了华沙和波兹南的狱中诗歌以及里沃夫革命者的作品。这个期间产生的波兰革命诗人,以希文切茨基、捷尔文斯基为最著名,他们的诗歌流传很广,有的还被谱成曲子或配上民间曲调,受到工人群众和革命战士的热烈欢迎。这些歌曲流传到俄国,革命导师列宁在西伯利亚流放中听了也非常喜爱,他经常同流放在一起的俄国和波兰的革命同志高唱《红旗》、《华沙革命歌》等歌曲。列宁还指出:“必须为俄国创作这样的歌曲。” 今天,我们深信,这些革命诗歌必将鼓舞波兰人民为继续反对外来的奴役和侵略,反对一切剥削和压迫而英勇斗争。这里译载的五首诗歌,选自波兰国家出版社一九六六年出版的《波兰革命诗选(一八七八年——一九四五年)》。 The Polish people have a glorious revolutionary tradition. For more than a century since Poland was demolished in 1989 for the third time by Russia, the United States and Austria, the Polish people have been fought indomitablely for national independence. The Warsaw Uprising of 1830, the Krakow Uprising of 1846, and the Warsaw Uprising of 1863 ...... Time and again against the reactionary forces led by Russia and Russia and supported the revolutions of all European countries, thus Get revolutionary comrades Marx and Engels spoke highly of and commended. After the establishment of Poland’s proletarian party in the early 1880s, the revolutionary movement was even more flourishing. The tsarist government was terrified and brutally suppressed, mass arresting, killing or exile of revolutionary soldiers in Siberia. However, the Polish proletariat holds high the banner of the revolution and moves on. The massive armed struggle from 1905 to 1907 strongly supported the then Russian revolution. Revolutionary struggle produces revolutionary literature. In 1879, the poet Hevchenčecki founded the handwritten publication Prisoners of the Voice in Warsaw Prison and published the first batch of poetic revolutionary poems in Poland. Comrades in the prison in Krakow also started a hand-written publication entitled “Prisoners’ Gritting,” advocated by Wallinski. In 1882, the first collection of Polish revolutionary poems, “What They Want,” was published in Geneva, collecting prisoners’ poetry in Warsaw and Poznan and works by the Lviv revolutionaries. The Polish poet of revolution during this period was most famous by Hevitch Czekeki and Czech Republic. Their poems were widely circulated, some were still sung as melodies or folk tunes, and they were attacked by the masses of workers and revolutionaries A warm welcome These songs were spread to Russia and Lenin, a revolutionary mentor, was also very much listened to during the exile in Siberia. He often sang “Red Flags” and “Warsaw Revolutionary Songs” with the exiled Russian and Polish revolutionary comrades. Lenin also pointed out: “We must create such songs for Russia.” Today, we are convinced that these revolutionary poems will surely inspire the people of Poland to fight valiantly in order to continue their opposition to foreign slavery and aggression and oppose all exploitation and oppression. The five poems translated here are from the Polish Revolutionary Poetry (1878-1945) published by the Polish National Press in 1966.