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目的了解宜昌市城区2003-2012年免疫规划疫苗接种情况变化趋势,为指导今后的常规免疫工作提供科学依据。方法按容量比例概率抽样法,每年在城区范围内以区为单位,随机抽取30个村居和30个集贸市场,每个村居抽查12~24月龄和24~36月龄的儿童各5人,每个集贸市场抽查1~3周岁儿童5人。调查其免疫规划“五苗”(乙肝疫苗、卡介苗、脊灰疫苗、百白破疫苗、麻疹类疫苗)基础免疫及加强免疫接种情况。结果十年间1~3岁儿童建证率、各疫苗调查接种率呈逐年上升趋势;不同年份出生的儿童卡介苗调查接种率差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.994,P<0.05),乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率、“五苗”全程合格接种率、乙肝疫苗、脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹疫苗调查接种率等差异均有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);常住儿童和流动儿童“五苗”全程合格接种率、各单苗调查接种率差异均有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论扩大国家免疫规划实施后,宜昌市1~3岁儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率维持在较高水平,常住儿童中已建立起较为牢固的免疫规划疫苗相关疾病的免疫屏障,但仍需继续加强流动儿童的免疫预防服务工作。
Objective To understand the trend of immunization vaccination in Yichang City from 2003 to 2012 and provide a scientific basis for future routine immunization. Methods According to the method of volumetric proportion probability sampling, 30 village houses and 30 markets for bazaars were randomly selected within the urban area by district. Each village was randomly selected from 12 to 24 months old and 24 to 36 months old 5 people, each bazaar spot checks 1 to 3 years old children 5 people. Investigate its immunization program “Five seedlings” (Hepatitis B vaccine, BCG vaccine, polio vaccine, diphtheriae vaccine, measles vaccine) basic immunization and strengthen the immunization. Results The incidence rate of children aged 1-3 years over the past ten years and the vaccination rate of each vaccine increased year by year. The vaccination rate of BCG among children born in different years was significantly different (χ2 = 18.994, P <0.05) (P <0.01) .There was a significant difference in the rates of vaccination, timely vaccination rate, full eligible vaccination rate, live-attenuated hepatitis B vaccine, live attenuated polio vaccine, combined baicalin and measles vaccine, ; The rate of the whole eligible vaccination of “five seedlings” and the vaccination rate of each single seedling of resident children and migrant children were highly statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion After the implementation of the national immunization program, the vaccination coverage of immunization programs for children aged 1-3 in Yichang City has been maintained at a high level. Immune barriers to immunization-related vaccine-related diseases have been established among children living in Yichang City. However, Child immunization services.