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目的通过了解海门市结核病流行特征和影响因素,为制定防制策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对海门市2005—2014年结核病监测结果进行分析。结果 2005—2014年海门市活动性肺结核和涂阳肺结核年平均新登记率分别为61.20/10万和29.44/10万,活动性肺结核和涂阳肺结核新登记率均无明显下降趋势(χ~2_(趋势)=1.397,P=0.237;χ~2_(趋势)=0.040,P=0.841)。2005—2014年结核病年平均死亡率3.23/10万,结核病死亡率无明显下降趋势(χ~2_(趋势)=0.103,P=0.749)。结核病死因顺位位于11~13位,在传染病中的死因顺位位于1至2位。2005—2014年男性活动性肺结核新登记率、涂阳肺结核新登记率均高于女性(χ~2=1 304.53,P<0.01;χ~2=737.49,P<0.01)。活动性肺结核患者、涂阳肺结核患者年龄分布均以55~64和65~74岁年龄组占比较高。2005—2014年新登记涂阳肺结核患者总治愈率92.0%,初治涂阳患者治愈率高于复治涂阳患者治愈率(χ~2=29.50,P<0.01)。结论海门市通过推广实施现代结核病控制(DOTS)策略,结核病的疫情得到有效控制,但肺结核流行趋势依然严重,应加强对结核病的归口管理,强化结核病防治宣传和培训,提高DOTS实施质量。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of tuberculosis in Haimen and provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the surveillance results of tuberculosis in Haimen from 2005 to 2014. Results The average new registration rates of active tuberculosis and smear positive tuberculosis in Haimen from 2005 to 2014 were 61.20 / 100,000 and 29.44 / 100,000, respectively. There was no significant decrease in the newly registered rates of active tuberculosis and smear positive tuberculosis (χ ~ 2_ (Trend) = 1.397, P = 0.237; χ ~ 2_ (trend) = 0.040, P = 0.841). The average annual death rate of tuberculosis in 2005-2014 was 3.23 / lakh, with no significant decrease in tuberculosis mortality (χ ~ 2_ (trend) = 0.103, P = 0.749). The cause of death of tuberculosis is located at 11 to 13, and the cause of death in infectious diseases is located at 1 to 2. The new registration rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis and the new registration rate of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in 2005-2014 were all higher than those in female (χ ~ 2 = 1 304.53, P <0.01; χ ~ 2 = 737.49, P <0.01). Active tuberculosis patients, smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients age distribution 55-64 and 65-74 age group accounted for a higher proportion. The total cure rate of newly registered smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in 2005-2014 was 92.0%. The cure rate of smear positive patients was higher than that of smear positive smear positive patients (χ ~ 2 = 29.50, P <0.01). Conclusion The epidemic situation of tuberculosis was effectively controlled by promoting the implementation of modern strategies for controlling tuberculosis (DOTS) in Haimen. However, the epidemic trend of tuberculosis was still serious. It is necessary to strengthen the centralized management of tuberculosis, strengthen the publicity and training on tuberculosis prevention and control, and improve the implementation quality of DOTS.