【摘 要】
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Heart failure (HF) is not a single disease,but a chronic and com-plex clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to fill or pump the blood well because of s
【机 构】
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Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,National University of Singapor
论文部分内容阅读
Heart failure (HF) is not a single disease,but a chronic and com-plex clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to fill or pump the blood well because of structural and/or functional cardiac dis-orders [1].This leads to a decreased cardiac output that is insuffi-cient to meet the body's metabolic demands [2].A number of diseases affecting the cardiovascular system can lead to HF [1],but the most common causes are coronary artery disease,hyper-tensive heart disease,valvular heart disease,tachyarrhythmia and idiopathic causes [1,3].
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