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跟单信用证是国际贸易中常见的支付方式。在这种付款方式下,卖方将提单背书给付款行并提交其他单据,以获得付款。一般认为,这时付款行对货物拥有一种默示的质押权。如果开证行拒付,付款行可向卖方追索,如卖方不返还货款,基于质押权付款行可以拍卖货物。银行的这种质押权是以卖方拥有货物的所有权为前提的,反之,则银行无质押权。如银行不作为货物的所有权人,是不能以信托收据(trust receipt)的方式处理货物的。
Documentary letters of credit are common forms of payment in international trade. Under this payment method, the seller endorses the bill of lading to the payment bank and submits other documents for payment. It is generally assumed that the paying bank has an implied hypothecation of the goods at this time. If the issuing bank refuses to pay, the paying bank may recourse to the seller, if the seller does not refund the payment, the pledging bank may auction the goods. The bank’s pledge is based on the seller’s ownership of the goods as the premise, on the contrary, the bank has no pledge. If the bank does not act as the owner of the goods, it can not handle the goods by way of a trust receipt.