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阶梯-深潭系统能稳定河床、控制下切以及减小山洪泥石流灾害,其原因在于能高效消耗水流能量。通过野外实验,研究了不同流量下消能率变化规律,分析了水流沿阶梯-深潭能量转化过程,探讨了阶梯-深潭中能量的消耗机理。实验工况下(单宽流量5~210 L/s)阶梯-深潭具有很高的消能率(64%~91%),按部位其消能可分为阶梯消能和深潭消能,推导得到的消能率计算公式计算值和实测数据符合较好。在不同流量下阶梯消能方式因水流形态的改变有所不同,深潭消能可分为3个区域:水跃主流区、主流区两侧的两个大尺度漩涡区和主流区与周围区域交界的区域,它们的消能方式各有不同。当流量较小时,阶梯-深潭系统消能主要由阶梯段完成。流量增加后,阶梯段消能所占比例减小,深潭消能作用增强。
The ladder - deep pool system can stabilize the riverbed, control the cutting and reduce flash floods and mudslides, because of the energy consumption of water flow efficiently. Field experiments were carried out to study the variation law of energy dissipation rate under different flow rates. The energy conversion process along the ladder-lake was analyzed, and the energy consumption mechanism in step-lake was discussed. Experimental conditions (single wide flow of 5 ~ 210 L / s) ladder - deep pool has a high energy dissipation rate (64% ~ 91%), according to the parts of its energy dissipation can be divided into ladder energy dissipation and deep pool energy dissipation, The deduced energy dissipation rate calculation formula is in good agreement with the measured data. The energy dissipation of the ladder can be divided into three regions: the main jumping area, two large-scale swirl areas on both sides of the mainstream area and the main stream area and the surrounding area The junction of the area, their energy-dissipating ways are different. When the flow rate is small, the ladder - deep pool system energy dissipation is mainly completed by the ladder. After the flow rate increases, the proportion of energy dissipated in the step decreases, and the effect of energy dissipation in the deep pool increases.