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目的本研究利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据分析不同阶段女性体质指数和肥胖率,探讨中国成年女性肥胖的预防措施。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,全国31个省、自治区、直辖市进行调查。调查由询问调查和医学体检等四个部分组成。本研究抽取20-30岁育龄女性,包括未婚、已婚未育和已婚生育的女性,共计17393人。结果 3组城乡女性身高、体重和体质指数存在显著差异(p<0.05),已婚生育女性的体重和体质指数随产后时间的延长呈现下降趋势,身高没有显著差异(p>0.05)。城乡未婚女性的低体重率高于已婚女性,而已婚女性超重肥胖率显著高于未婚女性。已婚生育女性超重肥胖率随产后时间增加而呈下降趋势。结论已婚生育女性体重滞留是产生成年女性肥胖的重要原因,然而已婚未育女性的体重变化值得重视。
OBJECTIVE: In this study, the body composition index and obesity rates of women at different stages were analyzed using the survey data of nutrition and health of Chinese residents in 2002 to investigate the preventive measures against obesity in Chinese adult women. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The survey consists of four parts: inquiry and medical examination. In this study, women of childbearing age from 20 to 30 years old were enrolled, including unmarried, married and non-married women who had been married to a total of 17,393. Results There were significant differences in body height, body weight and body mass index (p <0.05) between the three groups of urban and rural women. The body weight and body mass index of married women with fertility showed a downward trend with the prolongation of postnatal period. There was no significant difference in height (p> 0.05). The prevalence of unwed women in urban and rural areas was lower than that of married women, while that of married women was significantly higher than that of unmarried women. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in married women has a decreasing trend with the increase of postpartum time. Conclusions Weight retention in married women is an important cause of obesity in adult women. However, weight changes in married and non-pregnant women deserve attention.