英国公共健康实验室服务中心曾对61所医院100多万名患者调查显示,住院患者医院感染发生率为10%;发生医院感染者的住院费用是未发生者的3倍,平均增加住院时间11 d~([1])。消毒灭菌是预防和控制医院感染的主要措施之一,正确掌握院内感染的知识与技术,对降低医院感染尤其是外源性感染的发生起着非常重要的作用。而消毒和灭菌的首要前提是有效的清洗,因为器械表面上残留的无机和有机物质会阻碍消毒和灭菌的彻底 A survey conducted by the British Public Health Laboratory Service Center on more than 1 million patients in 61 hospitals showed that the incidence of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients was 10%; that of hospitalized patients with nosocomial infections was three times that of non-occurred ones and that the average hospitalization time was 11 d ~ ([1]). Sterilization is one of the main measures to prevent and control nosocomial infections. Correct knowledge and techniques of nosocomial infection play a very important role in reducing the occurrence of nosocomial infections, especially exogenous infections. The first prerequisite for disinfection and sterilization is effective cleaning because the residual inorganic and organic materials on the surface of the instrument will hinder the thorough disinfection and sterilization