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针对水下单光束扫描探测系统探测水中近场目标的需求,为抑制海水后向散射干扰,提高系统信噪比,对系统光路参数进行了优化设计。通过推导系统盲区距离公式、水中目标回波和后向散射功率方程,分析了系统探测区域和信噪比同光路参数的关系。在不同水质条件下,基于粒子群算法(PSO)对光路参数进行了优化计算。结果表明:对探测区域为6~(-10) m的系统,当发射光束与接收视场平行,接收视场半角为9 mrad,收发间距为10.6 cm时,系统信噪比达到最佳。为验证理论模型的正确性,设计了水下激光探测光路模拟系统,测试不同光路参数下系统信噪比,实验结果与理论值一致。优化结果可为水下单光束扫描探测系统光路设计提供理论依据。
In order to detect the need of underwater near-field target in underwater single-beam scanning detection system, in order to restrain the backscattering of seawater and improve the signal to noise ratio of the system, the optical parameters of the system are optimized. By deriving the blind zone distance formula, underwater target echo and backscattering power equation, the relationship between the detection area of the system and the signal to noise ratio is analyzed. Under different water quality conditions, the optical path parameters were optimized based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results show that the system SNR is best when the detection area is 6 ~ (-10) m. When the transmitted beam is parallel to the receiving field, the receiving field is 9 mrad and the receiving and transmitting distance is 10.6 cm. In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical model, the underwater laser detection optical path simulation system is designed to test the system signal-to-noise ratio under different optical path parameters. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical ones. The optimization results can provide a theoretical basis for the optical design of underwater single-beam scanning detection system.