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激励问题是人类面临的基本经济问题之一,历来为经济学界所关注,人们关于经济增长和经济发展的不同思考和理论,似乎都可以归结为对激励机制的解释,对激励手段的选择和对激励规则的规定的不同。不过,很长时间里人们对激励问题的认识并不完整和准确,只是到本世纪六、七十年代,经济激励理论才有了长足的发展,激励理论是现代经济学正在迅速成长的一个新领域。经济激励理论研究的问题与我国经济体制改革所要解决的问题紧切相关。改革的基本着眼点,就在于提供新的经济刺激,构建新的符合理性的激励机制,去激发和调动社会各层次的经营管理和生产劳动的积极性,这也是改革成功与否的基本标志。
Incentives are one of the basic economic problems facing mankind and have always been of concern to the economists. Different thinking and theories concerning economic growth and economic development seem to be attributed to the explanation of the incentive mechanism, the choice of incentive means and Incentive rules of the different provisions. However, for a long time, people’s understanding of incentive problems is not complete and accurate. Only by the 1960s and 1970s has the theory of economic incentive developed rapidly. Incentive Theory is a new growth in modern economics field. The issue of the study of economic incentive theory is closely related to the problems to be solved in the reform of our economic structure. The basic starting point of the reform lies in providing new economic stimulus, building a new rational incentive mechanism, and stimulating and mobilizing the enthusiasm of management and production at all levels of society. This is also the basic symbol of the success of the reform.