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第一节镇咳药咳嗽是一种由各种刺激引起的病理的生理反射,可分下面三种情形: (1)呼吸道中特别是气管中异物的存在,这种异物包括从体外吸入的物质和呼吸道粘膜的病理产物,如痰液、脓液等。机体生理机能为了排除这些异物而产生具有保护性作用的咳嗽反射。 (2)呼吸道或肺组织的病理变化,如炎症、溃疡、创伤出血等,对呼吸道本身是一种刺激,亦能引起对机体本身无益的咳嗽反射。 (3)呼吸道以外的刺激因素,如肋膜炎、心脏病等,亦可引起咳嗽反射。(见图)
Section I Antitussives Cough is a pathological physiological reflex caused by various stimuli. It can be divided into the following three situations: (1) The presence of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract, especially in the trachea, including foreign substances inhaled from the body. And pathological products of the respiratory mucosa, such as sputum, pus and so on. The physiological function of the body produces a protective cough reflex in order to exclude these foreign materials. (2) Pathological changes in the respiratory tract or lung tissue, such as inflammation, ulcers, traumatic bleeding, etc., are irritating to the respiratory tract itself, and can also cause cough reflexes that are not beneficial to the body itself. (3) Stimulators other than the respiratory tract, such as pleurisy and heart disease, can also cause cough reflexes. (See photo)