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目的调查和掌握广西食品中~(226)Ra放射性本底水平并估算居民由膳食摄入所致内照射剂量。方法依据国标GB/T16145-1995《生物样品中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法》和国标GB/T11713-2015《高纯锗γ能谱分析通用方法》,采集广西粮食、蔬菜、海产品、淡水鱼类、禽畜肉类、茶叶和奶粉7大类149个样品进行监测,并对数据进行分析和比较。结果 ~(226)Ra检出142份,检出率为95.3%,检出的比活度范围为0.013~3.65 Bq/kg,粮食中以豆类~(226)Ra比活度最高,均值为(0.457±0.164)Bq/kg,粮食中~(226)Ra比活度高低次序为豆类>薯类>大米>玉米。蔬菜中叶菜和瓜类~(226)Ra比活度很接近,约0.07~0.08 Bq/kg。动物性食品中~(226)Ra含量以海蟹类、海虾类最高,比活度均值分别达(0.908±0.277)和(0.552±0.175)Bq/kg。所检样品中以茶叶中~(226)Ra含量最高,其均值为(2.67±0.334)Bq/kg。经~(226)Ra摄入所致成人平均年待积有效剂量为17.22μSv/a,其中粮食、畜禽肉类、鱼虾蟹和蔬菜分别贡献4.389、3.924、3.058和2.718μSv/a。结论广西食品中~(226)Ra放射性水平均在国家标准限值以内,居民由膳食摄入所致内照射剂量在相关文献报道的范围之内,也低于我国食品所致内剂量水平,对人体的健康不会造成影响。
Objective To investigate and grasp the radioactive background level of ~ (226) Ra in foodstuffs of Guangxi and to estimate the internal dose of inhabitants caused by dietary intake. Methods According to GB / T16145-1995 “γ-ray analysis method of radionuclides in biological samples” and GB / T11713-2015 “general method of energy spectrum analysis of high-purity germanium γ”, the data of grain, vegetables, seafood, Freshwater fish, livestock meat, tea and milk powder in 149 categories were monitored and the data were analyzed and compared. Results The detection rate of ~ (226) Ra was 142.33% and the specific activity range was 0.013 ~ 3.65 Bq / kg. The specific activity of ~ (226) Ra in grains was the highest (0.457 ± 0.164) Bq / kg. The order of specific activity of ~ (226) Ra in grain was legume> potato> rice> corn. Leaf vegetables and melons ~ (226) Ra activity is very close to about 0.07 ~ 0.08 Bq / kg. The contents of ~ (226) Ra in animal food were highest in sea crabs and shrimps with the specific activity reaching (0.908 ± 0.277) and (0.552 ± 0.175) Bq / kg, respectively. The content of ~ (226) Ra in the tea samples was the highest (2.67 ± 0.334) Bq / kg. The average effective cumulative dose of adults treated with ~ (226) Ra was 17.22μSv / a, of which food, poultry, fish, shrimp and crab contributed 4.389, 3.924, 3.058 and 2.718μSv / a, respectively. Conclusion The radioactive levels of ~ (226) Ra in Guangxi food are all within the limits of the national standard. The internal dose of inhabitants due to dietary intake is within the scope of the relevant literature, and is also lower than the level of internal dose caused by food in China. Human health will not be affected.