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近年来,我国沿海发达地区临港、临岸工业迅速发展,但不少企业治污净化设施没有同步跟上,污水向河道和入海口无度排放,还有的企业甚至长期不安装治污设施,任其自然排放,使得海洋这块蓝色宝地污染日趋严重。据统计,全国主要陆源人海排污口年排放入海污水约87亿吨,其中排入渤海约28亿吨,黄海约6亿吨。主要污染物为无机氮、无机磷和油类。以黄渤海为例,近岸海区无机氮超标率分别达到46％和45％,重金属污染超标率分别达到19％和42％,油污超标率分别达到6％和1％。此外,滨海城市生活污水的大量排放、海水养殖生产的自身污染等都对海洋环境造成了危害。
In recent years, China’s coastal areas with developed ports and ports have experienced rapid industrial development. However, many enterprises do not keep pace with the pollution control and purification facilities. They have not discharged any pollutants to rivers and estuaries, and some enterprises even do not install pollution control facilities for a long time. Let its natural emissions, making the blue ocean pollution of the land increasingly serious. According to statistics, about 87 billion tons of sewage are discharged into the sea each year by the major land-source sea-going pollutants discharged from the land, of which about 2.8 billion tons are discharged into the Bohai Sea and about 600 million tons to the Yellow Sea. The main pollutants are inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and oil. Taking the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea as an example, the over-standard rates of inorganic nitrogen in coastal areas reach 46% and 45% respectively, and the over-standard rates of heavy metal pollution reach 19% and 42% respectively, and the over-standard rates of oil pollution reach 6% and 1% respectively. In addition, the massive discharge of domestic sewage in coastal cities and the self-pollution of mariculture produce harm to the marine environment.