多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)是一种发病呈多因性、临床表现呈多态性的内分泌紊乱综合征,其发病机制至今尚未阐明。瘦素(leptin,Lep)是由肥胖基因编码的一个重要的脂肪因子,可作为体内代谢信号参与下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的调节。Lep水平与肥胖密切相关,而PCOS患者又多伴有肥胖等代谢异常症状。目前文献综合表明,不同来源的临床资料反映的结果存在不协调之处,因而不能断定Lep与受体变化是否构成PCOS病因。不同Lep基因突变的PCOS动物模型可以反映某些特异PCOS症状,为今后人们阐明Lep系统在PCOS的病因学中的作用,以及探索其基因在诊断和治疗PCOS方面的临床价值提供参考。 Polycystic ovary syndrome (polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS) is a multifactorial and clinical manifestations of polymorphism in endocrine disorders, the pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated. Leptin (Lep) is an important adipokine encoded by the obesity gene, which can be used as a metabolic signal in the body to regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Lep levels and obesity are closely related, and PCOS patients are often accompanied by obesity and other metabolic disorders. The current literature shows that different sources of clinical data reflect the results of the existence of inconsistencies and therefore can not determine whether Lep and receptor changes constitute the cause of PCOS. The animal model of PCOS with different mutations of Lep gene can reflect some specific PCOS symptoms and provide reference for elucidating the role of Lep system in etiology of PCOS in the future and exploring the clinical value of its gene in the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS.