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目的了解某大型化工区周边儿童肺功能现况和影响因素。方法对上海某区两地小学(A位于某化工区周边,B远离该化工区)的3~5年级学生进行问卷调查和肺功能测定,同时收集两地的大气监测资料。结果A地和B地可吸入颗粒物(PM10)年均浓度分别为75.12μg/m~3和79.46μg/m~3,均超过GB3095—2012二级标准(70μg/m~3);B地二氧化氮(NO_2)年均浓度(40.67μg/m~3)较GB3095—2012二级标准(40μg/m~3)稍高;两地大气PM10、二氧化硫(SO_2)和NO_2浓度无明显差异。A地儿童身高、部分儿童最大肺活量(FVC)、1秒用力肺活量(FEV1)实测值较B地低;在参考肺功能正常预计值后,两地儿童大部分肺功能指标无明显差异,FVC%及FEV1%均在87%以上,用力呼出50%肺活量(FEF50%)和(FEF75%)均在72%以上;厨房无排烟设施与FEV1%、被动吸烟与FVC%和FEF50%%有弱负相关性(r=-0.1)。结论该化工区周边大气质量状况尚可,儿童肺功能与无化工地区相比无明显差别,在大气污染水平较低时儿童肺功能可能与室内污染有一定的弱相关性。
Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of pulmonary function in children around a large-scale chemical industry. Methods Questionnaires and pulmonary function tests were conducted on Grade 3 ~ 5 students in two primary schools (A located in the periphery of a chemical plant and B away from the chemical plant) in Shanghai. Meanwhile, the atmospheric monitoring data of both places were collected. Results The annual average concentrations of PM10 in landforms A and B were 75.12μg / m ~ 3 and 79.46μg / m ~ 3, respectively, which exceeded the second grade of GB3095-2012 (70μg / m ~ 3) The annual average concentration of NO 2 (40.67 μg / m 3) was slightly higher than that of GB3095-2012 (40 μg / m 3). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of PM10, SO 2 and NO 2 between the two sites. The mean height of children in A, FVC and FEV1 in some children were lower than those in B; after reference to the normal predictive value of pulmonary function, most of the children in both places showed no significant difference in lung function, but FVC% (FEF50%) and (FEF75%) were all above 72%; there was no exhaust facility in kitchen with FEV1%, and passive smoking with FVC% and FEF50 %% had a weak negative Correlation (r = -0.1). Conclusion The air quality around the chemical area is acceptable. There is no significant difference in lung function between children and non-chemical areas. When the level of air pollution is low, children’s lung function may have some weak correlation with indoor pollution.