关于历史唯物主义的学科定位之争,从马克思恩格斯所处时代已经开始,延续到正统马克思主义与西方马克思主义的思想纷争,之后在苏联哲学中形成一个形式化的定论。近年来随着对传统马克思主义哲学体系的质疑,历史唯物主义究竟是哲学还是实证科学又成为当前学界的一个重要学术问题。探讨这一问题的关键,是如何理解历史唯物主义与传统哲学之间的延承与断裂,明确马克思自身将人本主义哲学融入实证科学的思想脉络,并在当代哲学的视域下,通过历史唯物主义向“生活世界”的回归,彰显唯物史观的现代性意义。一、历史唯物主义的理论旨趣:在哲学与实证科学之间 The dispute over the subject orientation of historical materialism has proceeded from the era in which Marx and Engels lived, to the ideological dispute between Orthodox Marxism and Western Marxism, after which a formal conclusion was formulated in Soviet philosophy. In recent years, with the questioning of the traditional Marxist philosophical system, whether historical materialism is philosophical or positivist science has become an important academic issue in current academic circles. The key to discussing this issue is how to understand the continuation and breakdown between historical materialism and traditional philosophy, to clarify Marx’s own thinking of integrating humanism philosophy into empirical science and to use history in the context of contemporary philosophy The return of materialism to “life world ” shows the modern significance of historical materialism. First, the theoretical interest of historical materialism: between philosophy and empirical science