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1976年以来,我们从调查观察入手,探讨出适龄荔枝树不结果或少结果的主要原因是:树体营养生长与生殖生长不协调,一年多次抽梢,梢期混乱,造成营养水平低,不利于生殖生长,适龄荔枝树花期长,雌花期短,花穗长,花量多,雄花和雄能花花量多,而雌花比例少,雌雄花相接时间短,相遇次数少、时间短,加上雌花蛊开期常遇低温阴雨天气,授粉受精不良;由于授粉条件差,营养水平低及病虫害等影响,落花落果严重。经过几年来的试验研究,认为要促进适龄荔枝树稳产高产,主要应采取以下措施:加强果园土壤管理,增强树势。促秋梢、控冬梢,培养理想的结果母枝。早虹、兰竹品种理想的结果母枝是秋分—寒露梢,乌叶品种是秋分梢。采用人工或于立冬前后用0.3～0.5%五氯酚钠,小寒前后用800～1000ppm乙烯利+750～1000ppm青鲜素喷杀控冬梢,使在冬梢葫芦节上抽晚短花穗。手工摘长花穗、截短长花穗、早长花穗打顶和五氯酚钠、乙烯利、青鲜素等化学药剂控穗,改变其不利开花习性。增加雌花比例和雌雄花相遇时间。喷药浓度和时间应因不同地区、品种、树势和物候期而异。在再抽侧穗临界期前期杀穗,可大幅度推迟花期,在中、后期应改用疏穗或疏蕾,可小幅度推迟花期或提前花期。根据气象资料测算,调控荔枝花期,趋利避害,把雌花直开期控制在天气晴好、日照充足的最佳时段里,有利于授粉受精。同时应及时合理施肥、采用人工辅助授粉,用2,4-D、萘乙酸、增产灵、防落素、三十烷醇、保果灵等生产调节剂单独或配合肥料、农药喷射,保花保果效果明显,座果率显著提高。
Since 1976, we started with the investigation and observation to find out whether the results of fruitless or less fruit-age litchi tree results are: tree growth and reproduction of vegetative incompatibility, multiple shoots a year, shoots chaos, resulting in low nutritional level , Is not conducive to reproductive growth, age litchi tree has a long flowering period, short female flowering, spike length, flowering more male flowers and male can spend more flowers, and the proportion of female flowers less, male and female flowers phase short, less frequent encounters, time is short, Coupled with female flower poisoning often encounter low temperature rainy weather, poor pollination fertilization; due to poor pollination, low nutritional status and pests and diseases, falling seriously. After several years of experimental research, we believe that to promote stable yield and high yield of appropriate age litchi trees, the following measures should be taken: Soil orchard management should be strengthened to enhance the tree vigor. Promote the autumn shoot, control winter shoots, cultivate the ideal result mother branch. Early rainbow, blue bamboo varieties of the ideal result is the parent branch is the autumnal equinox - cold-exposed, Wuye varieties are autumn shoots. Using artificial or before and after winter with 0.3 ~ 0.5% sodium pentachlorophenate, before and after Osamu 800 ~ 1000ppm ethephon + 750 ~ 1000ppm green shoots kill winter shoots, so that in the winter shoot gourd Festival pumping late short spikes. Hand-picked spikes, truncated long flower spikes, early flowering tops and sodium pentachlorophenol, ethephon, green and other chemical control spike, to change its unfavorable flowering habits. Increase the proportion of female flowers and male and female flower encounter time. Spraying concentration and time should be due to different regions, species, tree potential and phenology vary. In the re-pumping panicle before the critical stage to kill spikes, can be significantly delayed flowering, should be used in the late sparse sparse or bud, can be slightly delayed flowering or early flowering. According to the meteorological data, the regulation of litchi flowering, the advantages and disadvantages, the female flower straight open control in the fine weather, adequate sunshine in the best time, is conducive to pollination and fertilization. At the same time should be timely and reasonable fertilization, the use of artificial pollination, with 2,4-D, NAA, ZSP, anti-triptol, triacontanol, Guoguling and other production regulator alone or with fertilizers, pesticides spray, Paul fruit effect is obvious, fruit rate significantly increased.