美国的辩诉交易和德国的协商性司法在设计初时都出现了被害人的缺席,因此,有必要对传统的“国家——被告人”两造诉讼模式进行反思,向其中注入被害人因子,而西方的恢复性司法运动和中国的刑事和解制度就是这一反思过程中的具体实践。 Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the traditional “state-defendant” litigation mode and inject the victim factor into it, while the United States plea bargaining and Germany’s consultative judiciary all had their victims absent. The restorative justice movement in the West and China’s criminal reconciliation system are the specific practices in this process of reflection.