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目的探索淮河流域沙颍河水邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(PAEs)污染现状及其对儿童智力发育和甲状腺相关激素的影响。方法在沙颍河出河南省的S县段内,分别距河床2km以内和20km以外,各选取1个村庄作为污染区和对照区,分别采集河水和居民生活饮用水。高效液相色谱法检测河水和饮用水水中4种PAEs(DEP、DBP、DMP、DEHP)水平;整群抽取两区8～13岁在校学生作为观察对象进行问卷调查;采用联合型瑞文测验方法对两区学生进行智力测验,化学发光法测定促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)和游离四碘甲腺原氨酸(FT4)含量。结果沙颍河S段各断面DEP、DBP水平均超过国家地表水环境质量标准;同对照区相比,污染区饮用水中DEP、DBP均明显高于对照区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。污染区儿童血清中FT4明显高于对照区儿童(P<0.05)。污染区儿童智力低于对照区儿童(P<0.05)。结论污染区儿童体内甲状腺相关激素及智力发育受到一定影响,是否与水质PAEs污染有关,尚需进一步调查。
Objective To explore the status of phthalate esters (PAEs) pollution in the Shaying River in the Huaihe River Basin and its effect on the mental development and thyroid-related hormones in children. Methods In the S section of Shaying River out of Henan Province, one village was chosen as the pollution area and the control area respectively within 2km and 20km away from the riverbed, and river water and residential drinking water were collected respectively. The levels of four kinds of PAEs (DEP, DBP, DMP, DEHP) in river water and drinking water were determined by HPLC. The students from 8 to 13 years old in the two districts were selected as the observation subjects for questionnaire survey. Methods The intelligence tests were performed on students in two districts. The levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) were measured by chemiluminescence method. Results The DEP and DBP levels in S sections of Shaying River exceeded the national standards for surface water quality. Compared with the control area, DEP and DBP in drinking water of the contaminated area were significantly higher than those in control area (P < 0.05). The FT4 in the serum of children in the contaminated area was significantly higher than that in the control area (P <0.05). Children in the contaminated area had lower intelligence than children in the control area (P <0.05). Conclusion Thyroid-related hormones and mental development in children with contaminated area are affected to some extent, whether it is related to the pollution of PAEs in water quality, and further investigation is needed.