一、金融体制问题。日本式金融体制的主要特点是：政府在金融业中的主导地位；金融机构间业务的严格分离，企业对外部资金的高度依赖，外部资金筹措以间接融资方式为主；银行与企业关系中的“主银行”体制；银行“超贷”的长期制度化。从80年代初开始，日本的金融体制改革即以 First, the financial system. The main features of the Japanese-style financial system are: the leading position of the government in the financial industry; the strict separation of the business among the financial institutions; the high dependence of the enterprises on external funds; the external financing mainly in the form of indirect financing; and the relationship between banks and the enterprises The “main bank” system; the long-term institutionalization of banks “overdrafts.” Since the early 1980s, Japan’s financial system reform has taken shape