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目的分析西安市2005-2015年麻疹流行特征,为制定针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2005-2015年西安市麻疹发病资料进行分析,应用SPSS 22.0进行数据分析。结果 2005-2015年西安市共报告麻疹病例2 423例,年均发病率为2.72/10万,发病率整体呈下降趋势(趋势=4 268.84,P<0.001),但近三年来麻疹发病率呈上升趋势;各年份发病均有一定的季节性且高峰主要集中在3~7月;中心城区(3.59/10万)、城乡结合区(3.28/10万)的年均发病率均明显高于郊县(1.51/10万);<1岁组的年均发病率最高(80.51/10万),其病例构成由2006年的21.57%上升至2015年的58.73%;≥15岁组的年均发病率最低(1.01/10万),其病例构成由2009年的27.59%上升至2014年的70.00%;病例以散居儿童最多(49.86%);其次为学生(15.52%)。结论近年西安市麻疹发病率呈上升趋势,1岁以下儿童是防控的重点人群,消除麻疹仍面临巨大挑战。应加强适龄儿童的查漏补种工作,并对城区的重点人群开展强化免疫工作,不断提高MCV接种率。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xi’an from 2005 to 2015 and provide a scientific basis for making targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of measles in Xi’an from 2005 to 2015. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 2 423 measles cases were reported in Xi’an from 2005 to 2015, with an average annual incidence rate of 2.72 per 100 000. The overall incidence rate showed a downward trend (trend = 4 268.84, P <0.001). However, the incidence of measles in the past three years was The incidence of each year has a certain seasonal and peak concentration mainly in March to July; the center city (3.59 / 100000), urban-rural integration area (3.28 / 100000) the average annual incidence was significantly higher than the suburbs (1.51 / 100000); <1 year old group had the highest average annual incidence (80.51 / 100000), its case composition increased from 21.57% in 2006 to 58.73% in 2015; The case rate was the lowest (1.01 / 100000), and its case composition increased from 27.59% in 2009 to 70.00% in 2014; the number of scattered children was the highest (49.86%); followed by the students (15.52%). Conclusion The incidence of measles in Xi’an has been on the rise in recent years. Children under 1 year old are the key population for prevention and control. Eliminating measles still faces great challenges. The investigation and remedial work of children of school-age should be strengthened, and intensive immunization work should be carried out for the key urban population and the MCV vaccination rate should be continuously raised.