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随着社会竞争的日益激烈,工作和生活节奏加快,人们所承受的压力和挑战越来越多,暴露于日常生活应激的频率和强度也越来越大。持续、过强的应激暴露能破坏人体的生物学保护机制,并产生一系列生理、神经内分泌、神经生化、免疫功能及心理行为等方面的变化,最终引发一系列危害身心健康的疾病。鉴于应激已成为多种慢性疾病的重要病因或诱因,对应激生理指标特别是反映应激水平的客观检测指标的应用研究,将为应激相关疾病的防治提供依据。文献报道有多种应激生理指标,如皮质醇、α-淀粉酶、儿茶酚胺、热休克蛋白、促炎细胞因子等,该文针对应激反应最主要的两条通路:下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴和交感通路,将代表性的皮质醇和α-淀粉酶作为应激生理指标作一综述。
With the increasingly fierce social competition, the accelerated pace of work and life, people are under more and more pressure and challenges, and the frequency and intensity of exposure to daily life stress are also increasing. Persistent and excessive stress exposure can destroy the body’s biological protection mechanism and lead to a series of changes in physiological, neuroendocrine, neurobiochemical, immunological and psychological behavior, which eventually lead to a series of diseases that endanger both physical and mental health. In view of stress has become an important etiology or incentive for a variety of chronic diseases, stress physiology indicators, especially the application of objective test indicators reflecting the stress level, will provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of stress-related diseases. There are many stress physiological indicators reported in the literature, such as cortisol, α-amylase, catecholamines, heat shock proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, etc., the stress response to the two main pathways: the hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic pathway, representative cortisol and alpha-amylase as stress physiological indicators were reviewed.