大多数词语的交际功能都主要取决于自身所处的上下文或它们在句中所报道信息的性质。不过,也有一部分词语的交际功能是在没有进入语句之前就确定了的,далеко和близко就是这样一类词。为了更加清楚地描述这类词语的交际功能,本文选择与它们同义的вдали,вблизи等词语进行对比,重点分析它们在词汇语义上的差异以及词汇语义对这些词语交际功能的影响与制约。 The communicative function of most words depends largely on the context in which they are located or the nature of the information they cover in the sentence. However, there are also some of the communicative functions of words that were defined before entering the sentence, and далеко and близко are such terms. In order to describe the communicative functions of these words more clearly, this article chooses the synonyms of them, such as вдали, вблизи and so on, and analyzes their differences in vocabulary semantics and the influence and restriction of vocabulary semantics on these communicative functions.