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目的分析长江三峡工程运行对长江南京段水位变化及其沿江地区血吸虫病疫情的影响,为制定适宜的防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集2002-2012年长江南京段代表性水文站水情资料,以及沿江地区血吸虫病病情和螺情资料,分析长江三峡工程运行后血吸虫病疫情变化趋势。结果长江三峡工程运行后,1-4月长江南京段水位较建坝前略有上升,春季(5月)和汛期(8月)平均水位较建坝前明显降低,且汛期退水时间提前,11-12月水位较建坝前略有下降。三峡工程运行以来,南京市沿江地区血吸虫病疫情总体呈下降趋势;2012年居民和耕牛感染率分别较建坝前(2002年)下降了100%,2012年钉螺面积、感染性钉螺面积和钉螺平均密度分别较建坝前(2002年)下降了48.45%、100%和95.76%。结论三峡工程运行后,南京市沿江地区血吸虫病疫情总体呈逐年下降趋势,但仍需开展长期的监测工作。
Objective To analyze the effect of the Three Gorges Project on the water level change in Nanjing and the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the Yangtze River, and provide a scientific basis for making appropriate control strategies. Methods The data of the hydrological conditions of the representative hydrological stations in the Nanjing section of the Changjiang River from 2002 to 2012, as well as the schistosomiasis prevalence and snail information in the Yangtze River, were collected to analyze the trend of the epidemic situation of the schistosomiasis after the operation of the Three Gorges Project. Results After the operation of the Three Gorges Project, the water level in the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River slightly rose from January to April before the dam construction. The average water level in spring (May) and flood season (August) decreased significantly compared with that before the dam and the flood time in advance was 11 December water level dropped slightly before dam construction. Since the Three Gorges Project was put into operation, the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the Yangtze River in Nanjing generally showed a downward trend. In 2012, the infection rates of residents and cattle decreased by 100% respectively compared with those before the dam construction (2002). In 2012, the area of snails, the area of snails infected, The average density decreased by 48.45%, 100% and 95.76% respectively compared with that before the dam construction (2002). Conclusion After the Three Gorges Project was put into operation, the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the Yangtze River in Nanjing generally showed a declining trend year by year, but long-term monitoring work still needed to be carried out.