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造血干细胞是一类既有自我更新能力,又有多向分化潜能的细胞,具有可塑性,在特定环境中可横向分化形成多种非造血组织的前体细胞,如肝细胞、神经细胞、心肌细胞和骨骼肌细胞。当肝脏存在严重损伤、炎症、酶缺乏、肿瘤和免疫反应时,造血干细胞能够移居病变部位,参与受损肝细胞和胆管细胞再生,改善肝脏代谢、抗肿瘤和免疫排斥反应等一系列生物学作用,使机体内环境稳定。造血干细胞的横向分化特性,使其在肝脏多种疾病和肝移植治疗中具有重要的生物学作用和意义。
Hematopoietic stem cells are a class of cells that have both self-renewal ability and multidirectional differentiation potential. They are malleable, and can differentiate laterally in different environments to form various non-hematopoietic progenitor cells such as hepatocytes, nerve cells and cardiomyocytes And skeletal muscle cells. When there are serious liver injury, inflammation, enzyme deficiency, tumor and immune response, hematopoietic stem cells can migrate to the lesion, participate in a series of biological effects such as the regeneration of damaged hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, liver metabolism, anti-tumor and immune rejection , So that the body environment stable. The lateral differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells has important biological roles and significance in the treatment of various liver diseases and liver transplantation.