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[目的]对某大型钢铁企业主要生产岗位进行职业危害岗位分级,为企业职业卫生分级管理提供科学有效的依据。[方法]收集汇总2012—2014年某大型钢铁企业的职业病危害因素定期监测结果,首先依据国家职业病危害作业分级标准将各生产岗位分为5级作业,然后简化为职业病危害程度为一般、较重、严重等3级岗位,并进一步提出岗位分级管理措施,探讨职业卫生分级管理的应用。[结果]该企业职业病危害因素包括生产性粉尘(电焊烟尘、煤尘、矽尘、石灰石粉尘及其他粉尘)、生产性毒物(一氧化碳、硫酸、盐酸、溶剂汽油、苯、氰化氢、氰化物、氨、硫化氢、砷、铬和焦炉逸散物等)和有害物理因素(噪声、高温、X射线、γ射线等)。职业病危害因素作业分级结果显示,噪声和高温是该钢铁企业的主要职业病危害因素。职业危害岗位分级结果显示,一般、较重和严重职业危害岗位共669个、271个和288个,分别占总数的54.5%、22.1%和23.4%。[结论]简化后的职业危害岗位分级方法操作性强,可为企业的职业卫生分级管理提供有效依据。
[Objective] To classify occupational hazards in the main production positions of a large iron and steel enterprise and provide a scientific and effective basis for the classification management of occupational health in enterprises. [Methods] Collecting and summarizing the regular monitoring results of occupational hazards in a large iron and steel enterprise from 2012 to 2014. First, according to the classification standard of occupational hazards in the country, each production position is divided into 5 levels and then reduced to a general level of occupational hazard, , Serious and other three posts, and further proposed job classification management measures to explore the application of occupational health classification management. [Results] The occupational hazards of the enterprise included productive dust (welding dust, coal dust, silica dust, limestone dust and other dusts), production toxicants (carbon monoxide, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, solvent gasoline, benzene, hydrogen cyanide, cyanide , Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, arsenic, chromium and coke oven emissions, etc.) and harmful physical factors (noise, heat, X-rays, gamma rays, etc.). Occupational disease risk factors operating classification results show that noise and high temperature is the major occupational hazards of the steel business. Occupational hazard classification results show that, in general, heavier and serious occupational hazards of a total of 669, 271 and 288, accounting for 54.5%, respectively, 22.1% and 23.4%. [Conclusion] The simplified post occupational hazard classification method has strong operability, which can provide an effective basis for the enterprise occupational health classification management.