Background Laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery represents a technique to further reduce morbidity and scarring associated with surgery.We present our preliminary experience with transperitoneal LESS radical nephrectomy (RN) using a home-made single-port device in China.Methods From July 2010 to November 2011,eleven patients with renal tumor not greater than T2 underwent LESS-RN by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon.A home-made single-port device was used through a 5-cm umbilical incision.A combination of standard and articulating laparoscopic instruments was used.The sequence of steps of LESS-RN was similar to transperitoneal laparoscopic RN.Patient characteristics,perioperative variables and postoperative outcomes were recorded and analyzed.Results Except for two transperitoneal laparoscopic conversions and one hand-assisted laparoscopic conversion,the other procedures were completed successfully without conversion to open surgery.The mean operative time was 224.5 (155-297) minutes,estimated blood loss was 270.9 (50-900) ml,and hospital stay was 10.4 (5-15) days.The mean visual analog pain scale (VAPS) on the first postoperative day was 4.0/10.Final pathological analysis revealed renal cell carcinoma in all cases with a stage distribution of three T1a,five T1b,and three T2a tumors.With the mean followup period of 21.4 (12-28) months,all patients were alive without evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis,and were satisfied with the appearance of the scars.Conclusion Transperitoneal LESS-RN using a home-made single-port device is technically feasible and safe in a selected group of patients (low body mass index and stage tumor) and has excellent cosmetic results.Although preliminary oncologic outcome is not compromised,the long-term evaluation of these patients is awaited.