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目的开发与环境友好型生物鼠药,解决蓖麻毒素的有效利用问题。方法以蓖麻籽仁为试材,探讨蓖麻粗毒蛋白的提取方法,并以小白鼠的摄食量为指标,对鼠药的最佳基饵、引诱剂,以及其形状和大小进行筛选研究。结果①以粘米粉和糯米粉为基饵,对小白鼠均有一定的引诱性,且小白鼠对2种基饵的喜好程度差异无统计学意义;②葡萄糖和花生粉对小白鼠具有极强的引诱性,黑芝麻粉对小白鼠不具有引诱性,它们的摄食系数分别是7.40±0.70、2.96±0.03和1.10±0.01;③小白鼠对饵料的形状要求较低,对正方体、球形和圆柱形饵料摄入量之间差异无统计学意义;④小白鼠对不同大小的饵料摄入量差异有统计学意义,小白鼠最喜好?8～9mm饵料,其摄入率为(40.08±0.80)%;⑤用石油醚、乙酸乙酯以及氯仿去脂后提取的蓖麻粗毒蛋白制成的鼠药适口性差,小白鼠对其产生拒食现象;⑥以生理盐水为溶剂离心去脂后提取的蓖麻粗毒蛋白制备的鼠药适口性好;⑦当鼠药中蓖麻粗毒蛋白含量分别为0.91%、0.71%和0.53%时,试验小白鼠的平均死亡时间分别为(37.17±7.41)、(68.00±18.07)和(82.17±14.30)h。结论以粘米粉和糯米粉为基饵,葡萄糖(质量分数为3%)为引诱剂,加入生理盐水为溶剂离心去脂后提取的蓖麻粗毒蛋白制成?8～9mm的饵料是制备鼠药的最佳方案。
Objective To develop and environment-friendly biological rat poison to solve the problem of effective utilization of ricin. Methods Castor-oil seed was used as test material to explore the extraction method of the venom toxin from Ricinus communis, and the optimal bait and attractant for the rodenticide, as well as its shape and size were screened based on the food intake of the mice . Results ①Taking sticky rice flour and glutinous rice flour as base bait, it had certain allure to mice and there was no significant difference in the preference of two kinds of baits; ② The glucose and peanut flour were extremely strong for mice , The black sesame powder had no attraction to mice, and their food intake coefficients were 7.40 ± 0.70, 2.96 ± 0.03 and 1.10 ± 0.01, respectively. ③ The mice had lower requirements on the shape of bait, There was no significant difference between the intakes of dietary bait and dietary intakes of dietary bait. (4) There was significant difference in the intake of bait between mice and mice. %; ⑤ rats with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform degreasing Ricin poisoning made of rat palatability poorer, mice produce antifeedant phenomenon; ⑥ with saline as the solvent after centrifugation degreasing extraction The rodenticides of castor venom crude protein had good palatability; ⑦ When the contents of rutin in rodenticide were 0.91%, 0.71% and 0.53% respectively, the average death time of test mice were (37.17 ± 7.41) , (68.00 ± 18.07) and (82.17 ± 14.30) h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Glucomannan (mass fraction 3%) is an attractant based on sticky rice flour and glutinous rice flour, and the raw material of castor bean venom extracted by centrifugation and degreasing with physiological saline is 8-9mm. The best medicine.