男性生殖系统微生物感染及免疫疾病是导致不育的重要病因.睾丸和附睾是精子产生与成熟的器官,具有特殊的免疫环境,既可以防止精子诱导免疫反应,又能有效抵御微生物感染.然而,某些病理状态(包括微生物感染、环境毒素及组织损伤等)可能破坏睾丸免疫平衡,引发感染或自身免疫睾丸炎及附睾炎,并可导致男性不育.微生物感染还会引起前列腺炎、精囊炎与尿道炎,可干扰精子功能而影响男性生育能力.认识感染和免疫引起的男性不育机制可为预防和治疗相关疾病提供线索,本文重点综述男性生殖系统微生物感染、免疫微环境调节及免疫疾病导致男性不育的机制. Male reproductive system microbial infection and immune diseases are important causes of infertility.Testicles and epididymis is a sperm production and maturation of organs, has a special immune environment, both to prevent sperm-induced immune response, but also effective against microbial infection.However, Some pathological conditions (including microbial infections, environmental toxins and tissue damage, etc.) may damage testicular immune balance, trigger infection or autoimmune orchitis and epididymitis, and can lead to male infertility. Microbial infection can also cause prostatitis, Vesiculitis And urethritis may interfere with sperm function and affect male fertility.Awareness of infection and immune-induced male infertility mechanisms can provide clues for the prevention and treatment of related diseases, this article focuses on male reproductive system microbial infection, immune microenvironmental regulation and immune diseases The mechanism that causes male infertility.