不同的老年保障思想,体现着不同的公平与效率观,并由此而影响公共养老金制度模式的选择。国家干预主义完全以公平为原则来构建其老年保障理论,而经济自由主义则过分强调效率。马克思主义强调公共养老金制度既要体现公平,又要体现效率,是公平与效率的统一体。合理的公平与效率取向,是中国现行公共养老金制度走出困境的关键。 Different thoughts on the security of old age embody different views of fairness and efficiency, and thus affect the choice of the public pension system model. State interventionism constructs its theory of old-age security based entirely on the principle of equity, while economic liberalism places too much emphasis on efficiency. Marxism emphasizes that public pension system should not only reflect fairness, but also reflect efficiency, which is a unity of fairness and efficiency. Reasonable fairness and efficiency orientation are the keys to exiting the current public pension system in China.