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以番茄早疫病菌为供试植物病原菌,采用生物活性追踪法和活体盆栽试验法评价了细辛提取物的抑菌活性,并探索了细辛的杀菌活性成分。结果表明:细辛氯仿粗提取物在96和48 h对供试菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发都有较强的抑制作用。其中对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的半效应浓度EC50分别为1.69和0.41 mg/mL。细辛氯仿粗提取物经萃取分离得到的石油醚、氯仿和甲醇组分中,石油醚组分对供试菌孢子萌发具有强抑制作用,处理48 h后抑制率达到100%;但处理96 h后对菌丝生长的抑制率仅有40%。氯仿组分对供试菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均具有较好的抑制作用,分别为72.27%和83.42%。对氯仿组分进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到4个高活性流分,在96 h对供试菌菌丝生长的抑制率达到85%以上。在盆栽试验中,4 mg/mL细辛氯仿提取物对番茄早疫病的保护和治疗作用达70%以上,与化学农药处理无显著差异。试验显示细辛对番茄早疫病菌具有较好的防治效果。
Taking A. solani as test plant pathogen, the antibacterial activity of Asarum extract was evaluated by bioactivity tracing method and in vivo pot experiment, and the fungicidal activity of Asarum was determined. The results showed that the crude extract of Asarum chloroform had a strong inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and spore germination of tested bacteria at 96 and 48 h. The EC50 of half effect concentration on mycelial growth and spore germination were 1.69 and 0.41 mg / mL, respectively. Among petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol fractions extracted from crude chloroform extract, the petroleum ether components had a strong inhibitory effect on spore germination of tested bacteria, and the inhibition rate reached 100% after 48 h of treatment. However, After mycelium growth inhibition rate of only 40%. The chloroform component has a good inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and spore germination of the tested bacteria, which are 72.27% and 83.42% respectively. The chloroform fractions were separated by silica gel column chromatography, and four high activity fractions were obtained. The inhibition rate of the mycelial growth of the tested bacteria reached more than 85% at 96 h. In the pot experiment, the protective and therapeutic effect of 4 mg / mL Asarum extract on tomato early blight was more than 70%, which was not significantly different from that of chemical pesticides. The test showed that Asarum had a good control effect on Alternaria solani.