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多发性骨髓瘤是一种原发性的恶性疾病,美国黑人的发病率常常是白人的两倍,男性较女性多见,发病年龄都超过40岁。本病主要表现为骨髓中浆细胞不断的增殖,产生了均质性免疫球蛋白或碎片,称为单克隆或骨髓瘤蛋白。由于骨髓被恶性浆细胞浸润,产生局灶性、弥漫性、溶骨性损害,以致引起脊椎破坏,病理性骨折,严重的骨痛及其他神经性症状。这些溶骨性损害有独特的“凿孔状”的X线表现,在骨髓瘤病人的颌骨中不难发现。骨髓中浆细胞浸润也能引起贫血、白细胞减少和血小板减少症,这是由于正常的血细胞被血前细胞所代替。
Multiple myeloma is a primary malignant disease. The incidence of black Americans is often twice that of white men. Men are more common than women, and the age of onset is more than 40 years old. The main manifestation of this disease is the continuous proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, resulting in homogenous immunoglobulins or fragments known as monoclonal or myeloma proteins. As bone marrow is infiltrated by malignant plasma cells, focal, diffuse, and osteolytic lesions are produced, resulting in spinal destruction, pathological fractures, severe bone pain, and other neurological symptoms. These osteolytic lesions have a unique “chiseled” X-ray appearance that is not difficult to find in the jaw bones of myeloma patients. Infiltration of plasma cells in the bone marrow can also cause anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia because normal blood cells are replaced by pre-hemocytes.