若从战后的视角来反观日本的近现代史,即可发现战争与民主化实际上紧密地纠缠在一起。每次战争,战时体制都会形成促进战后民主化的社会基础,导致“战后民主”制度化。对日本尤为重要的是,除了最后的“战后”之外,“战后民主”同日本的军国化及对外膨胀主义一体推而进之。通过战争推进政治的民主化和社会的一体化——这是贯穿近代东亚国家四个“战后”的一个共性。意味深长的是,即使曾经作为帝国日本侵略和统治对象的国家及地区,抗日战争也成了促进体制变革的契机,出现了和日本相似的“战后民主”。其程度虽不相同,但可以说战争确实给胜败双方都带来了民主化。本文试图分析甲午中日战争、日俄战争、第一次世界大战和亚洲太平洋战争(二战)这四种不同“战后”的性质,并就战争对各国内政所引起的巨变(尤其是社会的平等化和政治的民主化)进行初步的理论性概括。 If we look back at Japan’s modern history from a postwar perspective, we can find that war and democratization are in fact closely entwined. For each war, the wartime system will form the social foundation for post-war democratization, leading to the institutionalization of “post-war democracy.” Of particular importance to Japan is that “post-war democracy”, in addition to the final “post-war”, has been pushed forward with the militaryization of Japan and the expansion of foreign countries. Through the war to promote the democratization of politics and social integration - This is one of the commonalities in the four “post-war” orientations that have taken place in modern East Asian countries. Significantly, even the countries and regions that once served as targets of the Japanese aggression and domination by the imperial Japan have also taken the opportunity of institutional reform and have emerged similar to Japan in “post-war democracy.” Although different in degree, it can be said that the war did indeed democratize both victory and defeat. This article attempts to analyze the four different post-war postures of the Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, the First World War and the Asian Pacific War (World War II), and analyze the great changes caused by the war to the internal affairs of all countries Social equality and democratization of politics) for a preliminary theoretical summary.