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目的掌握嘉兴市近7年学龄前儿童传染病发病情况,分析其流行特征及趋势,以便有针对性地采取控制措施。方法从中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统导出2006-2012年间所有法定报告传染病个案信息资料,主要针对年龄为0~6岁的个案信息进行分析。结果 2006-2012年,嘉兴市报告学龄前儿童传染病19种,累计发病62 303例,占全市传染病发病总数的33.13%,总发病率为3 180.61/10万;发病率位居前5位的病种为其他感染性腹泻、手足口病、流行性腮腺炎、菌痢和梅毒;报告发病率排前3位的地区为南湖区、秀洲区和嘉善县;夏季为发病高峰,占全年发病数的33.15%;0岁组发病数最多,其次为1岁组,但各类传染病发病率高发年龄组不同;男性发病率高于女性。结论嘉兴市学龄前儿童是传染病防控的重点人群,应以感染性腹泻、手足口病、流行性腮腺炎、菌痢和梅毒为防控重点。建议通过开展重点人群轮状病毒等相应疫苗接种和适龄儿童勤洗手等健康知识教育,普及儿童家长基本防病和护理知识,强化对流动儿童的卫生学管理及流行季节前相应疾病的监测与防控,以有效控制学龄前儿童传染病疫情。
Objective To investigate the incidence of infectious diseases among preschool children in Jiaxing city in recent seven years and analyze its epidemiological characteristics and trends in order to take targeted control measures. Methods The data of all statutory cases of infectious diseases in China from 2006 to 2012 were derived from China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System, and the case information of 0 ~ 6 years old was analyzed. Results From 2006 to 2012, 19 kinds of preschool children’s infectious diseases were reported in Jiaxing City, with a cumulative incidence of 62 303 cases, accounting for 33.13% of the total number of infectious diseases in the city with a total incidence of 3 180.61 / 100,000; the incidence rate top 5 Of the other infectious diarrhea, hand-foot-mouth disease, mumps, bacillary dysentery and syphilis; the top three reported areas for the South Lake District, Xiuzhou District and Jiashan County; peak incidence in summer, accounting for The annual incidence of 33.15%; the highest incidence of 0-year-old group, followed by 1-year-old group, but the incidence of various types of infectious diseases in different age groups; male morbidity than women. Conclusion The preschool children in Jiaxing City are the key population for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Infectious diarrhea, hand-foot-mouth disease, mumps, bacillary dysentery and syphilis should be the focus of prevention and control. It is recommended to carry out health education such as vaccination of key populations such as rotavirus and age-specific washing of hands and other hands, to popularize the knowledge of basic disease prevention and care for parents of children, to strengthen the hygiene management of migrant children and to monitor and prevent the corresponding diseases before the epidemic season Control, to effectively control the epidemic of preschool children’s infectious diseases.