流行性腮腺炎俗称“大嘴巴”,是由腮腺炎病毒引起的急性传染病,多发于冬春两季。以散发为主,也可引发流行。腮腺炎起病较急,症状类似感冒,初始伴有畏寒高热、头痛、咽痛、食欲不振、恶心、呕吐等症状,继而两侧腮腺肿胀,局部皮肤发亮紧张,有弹性感及压痛。腮腺炎的传染性较强,传染时间也较长。在冬春两季,幼儿园和托儿所要加强晨检,一旦发现病孩耍尽快隔离。一般可采用紫外线消毒、喷洒来苏儿水空气消毒等方式来预防腮腺炎的流行。由于腮腺炎是病毒引起的疾病,医学上还很少有疗效非常满意的药物。因此,加强对患儿的护理显得尤为重要。①得了腮腺炎后要卧床休息,以免加重心脏负担。②多喝开水,常用温开水或淡盐水漱口,以保持口腔清洁。③宜食清淡易消化的流质或半流质食物,如牛奶、豆浆、米汤、甘蔗汁、蛋花汤等,尽量减少咀嚼动作,以免加重疼痛。④ Mumps, commonly known as “big mouth”, is an acute infectious disease caused by the mumps virus that occurs in both winter and spring. To distribute the main, can also lead to fashion. Mumps more acute onset, the symptoms of a cold, initially accompanied by chills fever, headache, sore throat, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms, followed by swelling of the parotid gland, local skin shiny, elastic and tenderness. Mumps contagious strong, infection time is longer. In winter and spring, kindergartens and nurseries should strengthen their morning screening, and if they are found, they should be quarantined as soon as possible. Generally can be used UV disinfection, spraying water to children’s water disinfection, etc. to prevent the prevalence of mumps. Since mumps is a disease caused by viruses, there are few medications in the world that are very effective. Therefore, to strengthen the care of children is particularly important. ① mumps to bed rest, so as not to aggravate the burden on the heart. ② drink plenty of water, commonly used warm water or salt water gargle to keep the mouth clean. ③ should eat light digestible liquid or semi-liquid foods such as milk, soy milk, rice soup, sugar cane juice, egg soup, etc., to minimize chewing movements, so as not to aggravate the pain. ④