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目的了解航天工作者的人格特征,分析不同因素对人格测试结果的影响,探讨引发航天工作者心理健康问题的原因,为预防和解决心理健康问题提供科学的依据。方法采用自编一般情况调查表和明尼苏达多项人格测验(MMPI),对在北京工作的4 000例航天工作者进行测试,共回收有效问卷3 890份,回收率达97.3%。分成不同性别组、不同职业组和不同工作环境组,对各组的MMPI临床量表评分进行比较。结果①MMPI临床量表中癔症(Hy)评分人数最多,为1 199例(30.8%);②男性Hy评分较女性高(P<0.01)。而精神分裂症(Sc)评分和社会内向(Si)评分较女性低(均P<0.01);③从事人事管理的人员的Hy评分高于科研开发、质量控制、机械安装职业(P<0.05或<0.01),而从事人事管理的人员Sc评分低于科研开发、质量控制、机械安装和后勤保障组(P<0.05或<0.01),人事管理人员Si评分低于科研开发、质量控制、机械安装职业(P<0.05),机械安装Si评分高于科技研发和人事管理(均P<0.01);④有毒有害原料组Hy评分高于微波组、噪声组和粉尘组(P<0.05或<0.01),粉尘组Hy评分低于微波组和噪声组(均P<0.05);有毒有害原料组Sc评分高于微波组、噪声组和粉尘组(P<0.05),粉尘组低于微波组和噪声组(P<0.05);有毒有害原料组神经衰弱量表(Pt)评分低于微波组、噪声组和粉尘组(P<0.05或<0.01),粉尘组高于微波组,低于噪声组(均P<0.05)。结论航天工作者心理健康问题主要表现为过多关注身体健康状态,偏焦虑倾向,不同的职业分层对人格状态存在一定影响。
Objective To understand the personality characteristics of aerospace workers and analyze the impact of different factors on the personality test results and to explore the causes of aerospace workers’ mental health problems and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and resolution of mental health problems. Methods A total of 4 000 aerospace workers working in Beijing were tested using self-compiled questionnaires and the Minnesota Multiple Personality Test (MMPI). A total of 3 890 valid questionnaires were collected, with a recovery rate of 97.3%. Divided into different gender groups, different occupational groups and different work environment groups, the MMPI clinical scale scores were compared. Results ① The Hymen score was the highest in the MMPI clinical scale, which was 1,199 (30.8%). ② The male Hy score was higher than that of the female (P <0.01). (P <0.01); (3) The Hy score of personnel engaged in personnel management was higher than that of research and development, quality control and mechanical installation occupation (P <0.05 or (P <0.05 or <0.01). The score of Sc in personnel management personnel was lower than that of scientific research and development, quality control, mechanical installation and logistics support group (P <0.05 or <0.01) (P <0.05). The Si score of mechanical installation was higher than that of scientific research and development and personnel management (all P <0.01). ④ The Hy score of toxic and harmful materials was higher than that of microwave, noise and dust groups (P <0.05 or < (P <0.05). Sc scores of toxic and hazardous materials were higher than microwave group, noise group and dust group (P <0.05), and dust group was lower than that of microwave group and noise group (P <0.05). The scores of nervous weakness (Pt) in toxic and harmful materials group were lower than those in microwave group, noise group and dust group (P <0.05 or <0.01), those in dust group were higher than those in microwave group P <0.05). Conclusion The mental health problems of aerospace workers mainly focus on the state of physical health and their anxiety-prone tendency. Different occupational strata have some influence on the personality status.