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2011—2013年,在宁夏引黄灌区利用田间定位试验研究了不同有机、无机磷肥配施对露地蔬菜的产量、磷素吸收利用、土壤无机磷残留和磷平衡的影响,并提出了合理的磷肥投入阈值。结果表明,过量增施磷肥对露地蔬菜的增产作用不显著。露地蔬菜经济产量与施磷量都符合二次曲线关系,花椰菜、紫甘蓝和大白菜最大产量施磷量分别为P2O5332.3、304.5、377.8 kg/hm2,最佳经济施磷量分别为P2O5282.9、271.2、365.3 kg/hm2。增施磷肥能促进露地蔬菜地上部磷素吸收累积,磷肥利用率随化学磷肥用量增加而降低。随着施磷水平的提高,0~20 cm土壤Olsen-P和Ca Cl2-P含量都呈增加趋势。土壤磷平衡与施磷量呈线性正相关关系,化肥磷施用量越高土壤磷素盈余越大。2011—2013年花椰菜、紫甘蓝和大白菜季合理的磷肥投入阈值范围分别为[141.0,332.3]、[107.1,304.5]和[104.9,377.8],施磷量、蔬菜产量及地上部吸磷量是影响该阈值范围的主要因素。
In 2011-2013, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different organic and inorganic phosphate fertilizers on yield, phosphorus uptake and utilization, residual inorganic phosphorus and soil phosphorus balance in the irrigated areas of Yellow River in Ningxia. And a reasonable phosphate fertilizer Put the threshold. The results showed that excessive application of P fertilizer had no significant effect on the yield increase of open-field vegetables. The economic yield and the amount of phosphorus application in open field all fit the quadratic curve. The maximum yield of phosphorus for cauliflower, purple cabbage and Chinese cabbage were P2O5332.3, 304.5 and 377.8 kg / hm2, respectively, and P2O5282 was the best for economic application. 9,271.2, 365.3 kg / hm2. The application of P fertilizer can promote the accumulation and absorption of phosphorus in the above-ground parts of vegetables, and the P use efficiency decreases with the increase of chemical phosphate fertilizer. With the increase of phosphorus application, the contents of Olsen-P and Ca Cl2-P in 0-20 cm soil all increased. There was a linear positive correlation between soil phosphorus balance and phosphorus application. The higher phosphorus fertilizer application, the greater the soil phosphorus surplus. In 2011-2013, the reasonable thresholds for phosphate fertilizer application in cauliflower, purple cabbage and Chinese cabbage were 141.0,332.3, 107.1,304.5 and 104.9,377.8, respectively. The phosphorus application, vegetable yield and P uptake Is the main factor affecting the threshold range.