明代中后期,随着商品经济的进一步发展和市民阶层的壮大,程朱理学已经趋于衰退,王阳明的心学以倡导人性自由为出发点,适合了当时社会经济和政治的需要。心学讲究心即理,致良知为核心思想,王阳明的弟子将心学理论发展成了不同的派别,晚明的文人据心学理论也提出了不同的文学思想。 In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, with the further development of the commodity economy and the growth of the citizen class, Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism has tended to decline. Wang Yangming’s psychology started from advocating human freedom and adapted to the needs of social economy and politics at the time. Psychology, stressing the mind, causing conscience as the core idea, Wang Yangming’s disciples developed the psychology theory into different factions. Literary scholars in the late Ming dynasty also proposed different literary ideas according to the psychology theory.