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一、引言本文追忆、探讨中华人民共和国成立后中国城际和城乡间公路运输运价的制度变迁问题。1949～1978年中国实行计划经济体制,政府制定所有的经济决策,商品价格也由上级行政部门制定并严格管制。1978年十一届三中全会后中国开始进行以市场化为取向的改革,改革的目标模式经历了一个从“计划经济为主,市场调节为辅”,到“有计划的商品经济（1984年12届三中全会后）”,再到“社会主义市场经济（1992年十四大后）”的渐进过程。在从计划经济向市场经济转轨的过程中,大多数商品的价格已经放开。
I. INTRODUCTION This paper recalls and discusses the institutional change of the road transport tariff in China’s intercity and between urban and rural areas after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. From 1949 to 1978, China implemented the planned economic system and all economic decisions made by the government. The prices of commodities were also formulated and strictly controlled by higher administrative departments. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in 1978, China began to carry out market-oriented reforms. The objective model of the reform has gone from “planned economy to supplemented by market regulation” to “planned commodity economy (1984 After the Third Plenary Session of the 12th CPC Central Committee, ”and then to the gradual process of“ the socialist market economy (after the 14th National Congress of 1992). ” In the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, prices of most commodities have been liberalized.