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基于《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》以及收集的相关参数数据,采用生命周期评价法分析2004—2013年山西省小麦生产中不同功能单位的碳足迹变化动态并解析其构成,以期为山西省小麦的低碳清洁化生产与气候变化的缓解提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:山西省小麦生产的温室气体排放从2004年的3 798.5kg/hm~2(CO_2-eq)增加到2013年的4 650.5kg/hm~2(CO_2-eq),年均增加74.9kg/hm~2(CO_2-eq);肥料应用(尤其是氮肥和复合肥)、土壤N_2O以及机械操作的能源消耗是其主要构成,占总排放的90%以上。山西省小麦的产量碳足迹总体上变化不大,而产值碳足迹、成本碳足迹以及净利润碳足迹均表现为逐渐降低的趋势,其中成本碳足迹达到显著水平。考虑土壤有机碳储量变化后,不同功能单位的小麦碳足迹均大幅度降低。综上所述,合理施肥、加强机械一体化推广以及增加土壤固碳是降低山西省小麦碳足迹的主要途径。
Based on the “Compilation of National Cost and Benefit Information on Agricultural Products” and the data collected from relevant data, the life cycle assessment method was used to analyze the dynamic changes in carbon footprint of different functional units in wheat production in Shanxi Province from 2004 to 2013 and to analyze its composition. Provide a theoretical basis for low-carbon clean production and mitigation of climate change. The results showed that the greenhouse gas emissions from wheat production in Shanxi Province increased from 3 798.5kg / hm 2 (CO 2 -eq) in 2004 to 4650.5kg / hm 2 (CO 2 -eq) in 2013 with an average annual increase of 74.9kg / hm ~ 2 (CO 2 -eq). The main components of fertilizer application (especially nitrogen and compound fertilizers), soil N 2 O and mechanical energy consumption accounted for more than 90% of the total emissions. However, the carbon footprint of output value, cost-carbon footprint and net-profit carbon footprint showed a trend of decreasing gradually, of which the cost-carbon footprint reached a significant level. Taking into account changes in soil organic carbon stocks, different functional units of wheat carbon footprint are significantly reduced. To sum up, rational fertilization, strengthening the promotion of mechanical integration and increasing soil carbon sequestration are the main ways to reduce wheat carbon footprint in Shanxi Province.