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公正与效率是民事诉讼法的最重要的价值,为了保障其公正,世界上大多数国家设立了二审,有的国家在二审之外另有救济制度;为了保证效率各国对各审级规定了审限。不必要的再审对一审或二审的判决权威和审判效率构成了威胁;不当的二审也对一审的效率和权威形成了诉讼技术上不希望的缓冲,于是民事诉讼法的价值受到折损。民事上诉禁止不利变更原则在我国民事诉讼制度中的实际存在,以及本文建议设置的与其配套的其他制度,会以立法的方式排除不必要的再审,减小二审对一审效率的副作用,同时提高二审的效率。
Justice and efficiency are the most important values of the Code of Civil Procedure. In order to ensure their fairness, most countries in the world have set up second instance. Some countries have other remedies besides the second instance; in order to ensure the efficiency, all countries have set the stage for the trial limit. Unnecessary retrials pose a threat to the judgment authority and trial efficiency of the first instance or the second instance. The improper second instance also creates a technically unpleasant buffer for the efficiency and authority of the first instance, so the value of the civil procedure law is impaired. The actual existence of the principle of prohibition of unfavorable change in civil appeal against civil rights in our country and the other systems that this article proposes to set up will exclude unnecessary retrials by legislative means and reduce the side effects of the second instance on the efficiency of first instance, s efficiency.