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目的：了解睢宁县居民对疟疾防治知识的掌握情况，为实现消除疟疾计划提供参考依据。方法随机抽取3个镇，每镇再随机抽取3个行政村，每个行政村调查15岁以上居民200人。采取统一的问卷进行疟疾防治知识知晓情况调查。结果调查对象对疟疾传播途径、疟疾主要症状、恶性疟直接威胁生命、得了疟疾怎么办、怎样预防疟疾的知晓率分别为96.27%、95.01%、81.46%、98.19%、96.27%，不同性别、不同地区居民知晓率差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）；不同年龄组居民对各项疟疾防治知识的知晓率差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。结论睢宁县居民疟疾防治知识知晓率较高，疟疾健康教育效果较好。“,”Objective To understand the status of knowledge of malaria prevention and control in residents of Suining Coun-ty,so as to provide the reference for improving the implementation of malaria elimination. Methods Nine villages in 3 townships (3 villages per township)were randomly selected as the study areas,and 200 residents aged above 15 years of each village were in-vestigated with questionnaire for the knowledge of malaria prevention and control. Results The awareness rates of“malaria trans-mission way”,“main symptoms of malaria”,“life-threatening of falciparum malaria”,“how to treat malaria”,and“how to pre-vent malaria”were 96.27%,95.01%,81.46%,98.19%and 96.27%,respectively. There were no significant differences between the different genders and among the different areas (all P>0.05),but there were significant differences among different age groups(all P<0.05). Conclusion The awareness of malaria prevention and control in residents of Suining County is relatively high,which means the health education is effective.