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FGF21是成纤维细胞生长因子家族的一名新成员,其氨基酸序列与其他亚家族成员之间有不同程度的同源性。FGF21在肝脏中特异性表达,能降低血糖、甘油三酯、胰高血糖素和果糖胺的浓度,改善胰岛β细胞的功能,因此有望成为治疗糖尿病、肥胖症及其他一些代谢综合症的药物。FGF21还有很多不同于其他FGFs家族的特点,如FGF21的信号传导需要βKlotho协同才能稳定结合FGFR;FGF21能通过血脑屏障等。另外,在斑马鱼体内还发现FGF21能促进造血功能。本文就FGF21的分子结构及其生物学特性的研究进展作一综述。
FGF21 is a new member of the fibroblast growth factor family whose amino acid sequences have varying degrees of homology to other members of the subfamily. FGF21 is specifically expressed in the liver and can lower blood glucose, triglycerides, glucagon and fructosamine concentrations, and improve the function of pancreatic β-cells. Therefore, FGF21 is expected to become a drug for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and other metabolic syndromes. FGF21 and many other features different from other FGFs family, such as FGF21 signaling requires β Klotho synergy to stabilize the binding of FGFR; FGF21 through the blood-brain barrier and so on. In addition, FGF21 was also found to promote hematopoiesis in zebrafish. This review summarizes the molecular structure and biological characteristics of FGF21.