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农村院落是伴随中国传统农耕文明和小农经济发展而形成的农民生产生活的基本场所。它不仅是一种物理空间单元,而且是社会文化单元,具有生产存储等物理空间功能和社会文化象征功能。强制性的撤村并居和农民上楼改变了农村传统居住形式和生产生活空间,使农村院落形态发生各种变迁,其所具有的功能和价值不断消解。然而,中国农村社会远没有到村落终结和农民终结的时代,农村村落和院落仍具备其存在的客观需求和文化社会需求。强制性地取消院落不仅改变了农民生产生活环境,也打击了农民精神生活和文化信仰。因此,新农村建设应充分考虑农村社会现实和农民基本需求。
The rural courtyard is a basic place for the peasants’ production and life that accompanies the traditional farming civilization and the peasant’s economic development in China. It is not only a physical space unit, but also a social and cultural unit, with production and storage functions such as physical space and social and cultural symbol. Mandatory evacuation of villages and peasants upstairs changed the traditional form of living and production and living space in rural areas and caused various changes in the form of rural courtyards. Their functions and values continued to be eliminated. However, in the era when the rural community in China was far from the end of the village and the peasants ended, rural villages and courtyards still had their objective needs and cultural and social needs. Forcibly abolishing the courtyard not only changed the peasants ’production and living environment, but also cracked down on peasants’ spiritual life and cultural beliefs. Therefore, the new rural construction should give full consideration to the reality of rural society and the basic needs of peasants.