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目的了解黑龙江省哈尔滨市基层疾病预防控制机构(简称疾控机构)卫生应急能力现状,进行缺陷诊断并提出解决办法。方法采用横断面的调查方法,对哈尔滨市18个县级疾控机构卫生应急能力现状进行调查。结果 83.33%的机构设置了独立的应急办,100%的机构制定了突发公共卫生事件应急预案/文件/手册,专业技术人员占工作人员总数的76.02%,具有现场流行病学调查能力的人员占39.79%,66.67%的机构有应急专家库,突发公共卫生事件网络直报率为96.54%,83.33%的机构能够及时更新过期应急物资并给予相应处理,应急专项经费配备比例为16.67%,16种常见致病源中所有机构均不具备霍乱、乙脑、流感3种致病源的检测能力。结论哈尔滨市卫生应急能力现状不容乐观,突出表现在人力资源结构不合理,应急机制不完善,培训演练效果不显著,实验室对疫情处理支持率低。
Objective To understand the status quo of health emergency response capability of grassroots disease prevention and control institutions in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, to make defect diagnosis and propose solutions. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the health emergency response capabilities of 18 CDCs in Harbin. Results 83.33% of them set up an independent emergency response office, 100% of the agencies formulated contingency plans / documents / manuals for public health emergencies, 76.02% of them were professional and technical personnel, and those who had field epidemiological investigation capability Accounting for 39.79% and 66.67% respectively. The direct reporting rate of public health emergencies network was 96.54%. 83.33% of the agencies were able to timely update expired emergency supplies and deal with them accordingly. The allocation ratio of emergency special funds was 16.67% All 16 kinds of common pathogens in all institutions do not have the cholera, JE, influenza 3 pathogenicity detection ability. Conclusion The current situation of health emergency response capacity in Harbin is not optimistic. It highlights the unreasonable structure of human resources, the imperfect emergency response mechanism, the insignificance of training and drills, and the low rate of support for epidemic situation in laboratories.