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目的观察将脑α波优势频率神经类型应用于运动员选材的可行性。方法选取国家集训队或省队一线运动员(省级比赛前三名)224人,按项目分为游泳组(50人,17.36±2.60岁)、举重组(51人,20.20±3.05岁)、划船组(55人,19.26±3.05岁)、花泳组(38人,17.76±2.60岁)及射击组(50人,28.00±5.05岁);另选取两年内无专业运动史的普通健康个体作为对照组(30人,26.43±5.11岁)。采用RJTB-Ⅰ型仪记录脑电波,应用多谱压缩及功率谱矩阵分析脑α波优势频率。结果①实验组与对照组各主频人数分布无显著性差异;②实验中以9Hz为主频的人群中,游泳、举重、划船和花泳项目运动员主频均数水平与对照组之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中举重和花泳两个项目达到极显著差异(P<0.01);在在游泳项目中以11Hz为主频的运动员主频均数水平与对照组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论依据脑α波各优势频率类型进行神经类型的分类,具有神经电生理基础,应用于运动员选材,有其实行的科学性及可行性。根据不同神经类型对制定针对性的训练计划培养优秀运动员同样具有重要意义。
Objective To observe the feasibility of using neural frequency type of predominant frequency of brain α wave in selecting athletes. METHODS: A total of 224 athletes from the national team or provincial front-line athletes (the top three provincial athletes) were selected and divided into swimming group (50 persons, 17.36 ± 2.60 years old), weight lifting group (51 persons, 20.20 ± 3.05 years old) (55 persons, 19.26 ± 3.05 years old), Huatong group (38 persons, 17.76 ± 2.60 years old) and shooting group (50 persons, 28.00 ± 5.05 years old). The other healthy individuals without professional sports history within two years Group (30 people, 26.43 ± 5.11 years old). Brain waves were recorded by RJTB-Ⅰ instrument, and dominant frequency of cerebral α-wave was analyzed by using multispectral compression and power spectrum matrix. Results ① There was no significant difference in the frequency of main frequency between experiment group and control group. ② Among the subjects with 9Hz frequency, the average frequency of main frequency of swimming, weightlifting, boating and Hua Huaong athletes was (P <0.05). There was a significant difference between the weight lifting and Hua-Hua swimming items (P <0.01). There was a significant difference between the average frequency of 11-h athletes swimming in the swimming program and the control group Significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion According to the dominant frequency of cerebral alpha wave, the types of nerves are classified. They have the basis of neuroelectrophysiology and are applied to the selection of athletes. They are scientific and feasible. It is equally important to train a good athlete according to different types of nerves to make targeted training programs.