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本文回顾了人工肝的发展及在临床急慢性肝脏功能衰竭中的应用。目前非生物型人工肝仍在临床广泛应用并取得了较好效果。非生物型人工肝目前国内应用最多的方法为血浆置换法。一般血浆置换法设备是由多组泵、阀、管路、传感器以及过滤器(分离器)组合而成 ,并由计算机控制的系统。因为血浆置换法是侵入性的 ,设备的特点是安全性必须好 ,但由于肝脏功能的复杂性 ,以体外培养活性细胞为中心的生物型或混合型人工肝在肝衰时的支持治疗作用会更加明显和接近自然肝脏的功能。生物型人工肝发展迅速 ,但还有一系列问题需要解决。
This article reviews the development of artificial liver and its application in clinical acute and chronic liver failure. At present, non-biological artificial liver is still widely used in clinical practice and has achieved good results. Non-biological artificial liver is currently the most widely used method for plasma exchange. General plasma exchange equipment is a combination of multiple pumps, valves, tubing, sensors, and filters (separator) and is controlled by a computer. Because the plasma exchange method is invasive, the device is characterized by a good safety, but due to the complexity of the liver function, the supportive therapy effect of biotype or mixed artificial liver centered on the in vitro culture of active cells during hepatic failure More pronounced and close to the natural liver function. Bioartificial liver develops rapidly, but there are still a series of problems that need to be solved.